Beyond the Battlefield: Exploring the Psychological Dynamics of Conflict through Moral Disengagement & Mental Health Perspectives

Abstract

This study aims to explore the psychological dynamics of conflict through the lens of moral disengagement and mental health in individuals from operation, post-operation, and non-operation areas in Pakistan. The primary objective is to examine how depression, anxiety, and stress influence moral disengagement and attitudes towards war and peace. The hypothesis posits that moral disengagement mediates the relationship between psychosocial distress and attitudes towards war and peace. A cross-sectional and correlational design was employed, with 300 participants (150 males, 150 females) from three different geographical zones: active conflict areas (Waziristan), post-conflict areas (Swat, Buner, Dir), and non-conflict areas (Peshawar, Charsadda, Nowshera). Instruments used included the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Moral Disengagement Scale, and the Attitude towards War and Peace Scale. Data analysis revealed significant correlations between mental distress and moral disengagement, with stress showing a strong negative relationship with peace attitudes. Gender differences were observed in depression, anxiety, and moral disengagement, but no significant differences were found in attitudes towards war and peace. Regional variations were significant, with participants from conflict zones showing higher levels of depression, anxiety, and moral disengagement, along with a more pronounced war attitude. The study highlights the complex interplay of mental health and moral disengagement in conflict-affected regions and emphasizes the need for psychological interventions to foster peace and resilience.