Social Support and Psychological Resilience: Understanding Their Role in Reducing Psychological Distress

Abstract

Early adulthood and university life expose students to significant psychosocial stressors. This study investigated the protective roles of perceived social support and psychological resilience against psychological distress among Pakistani university students, while evaluating gender differences across these variables. Utilizing a cross-sectional correlational research design, data were collected from 200 university students (50% men, 50% women; age range: 18–30 years) selected via purposive sampling. Data collection utilized the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10), all of which demonstrated exceptional internal consistency in the sample. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that perceived social support and psychological resilience were significantly negatively associated with psychological distress. Linear regression models revealed that social support and psychological resilience significantly negatively predicted psychological distress. Furthermore, independent samples t-tests demonstrated significant gender differences: male students reported higher perceived social support and resilience, whereas female students experienced significantly higher psychological distress. These findings highlight the critical need for higher education institutions in Pakistan to implement targeted resilience-building programs, gender-sensitive support structures, and accessible campus counseling services to mitigate student distress.