Role of Perceived Social Support in Vulnerability to Peripartum Depression and Anxiety among Expecting Mothers of Gilgit-Baltistan

Abstract

Perinatal depression is an important mental health problem, and its prevalence is much higher, Pakistan has yet to recognize it. Despite its short- and long-term effects on both mothers’ and fetal outcomes, it has received less attention than it deserves in scientific research and clinical practice. This study aims to recognize the relationship between perceived social support and depression and anxiety among expecting mothers living in Ghizer, a remote area of Pakistan. Also, this study analyzes the association of demographics with peripartum depression and anxiety.  A total of 100 expecting mothers from different hospitals, clinics, and households were assessed through the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Demographic factors were also measured. The prevalence of depression and anxiety varied across three trimesters. There was a significantly negative correlation between perceived social support and depression in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. There was a significant negative correlation between perceived social support and anxiety in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was a higher risk of anxiety in non-working pregnant women who didn’t have routine check-ups. There exists an association between perceived social support and depression and anxiety. Also, there is an association of demographic factors with depression and anxiety during pregnancy. It is concluded that support of family and friends decreases the level of depression during pregnancy.