In Digital Era Prevalence and Risk Factors of Computer Vision Syndrome among Students of Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract

In modern era Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) is abruptly increasing healthcare issue in the whole world, especially in educational environments due to extreme utilization of digital devices. This study was performed from January 2026 to February 2026 with total n-1,186 participants, in which females and male were n-673(56.7%) and n-513(43.3%) respectively. Chi-square test and Pearson Correlations were performed by using Jupyter Notebook. In Punjab overall high portion of participants that used digital devices in dark room’s n-489(41.2%) in which female participants were high percentage n-301(44.7%) as compare to the male n-188(36.6%). Use of low screen brightness was prioritized by n-452(38.1%) of respondents, female students preferred to use low brightness n-286(42.5%) as compare to male whose preferred medium or high with percentage of n-192(37.4%), n-155(37.4%) respectively. Female used digital devices for education and productive purposes with high portion of percentage as compare to male as n-296(44.4%), and n-226(44.1%). Students suffer with headache issue after screen use was observed with aggregate prevalence of 68.3% in which females indicated headache incidents more common and high than males with n-484(72.0%) and n-326(63.5%). Most risk factors that causing CVD in students of Punjab use of screen in dark rooms, low brightness, and high usage of screen with no any eye protector. These risk factors are mostly dominant in female as compared to male that are the major causes of weak eyesight’s and headache in female participants.