Impact of Infertility Induced Stress on Trust dynamics and Marital Satisfaction Among Female Spouses

Authors

  • Hyra Anwar Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Mishal Fatima Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Wedad Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Ayesha Khurram Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Keywords:

Infertility Induced Stress, Trust Dynamics, Marital Satisfaction, Female Spouses

Abstract

Infertility is a highly stressful experience for female, especially in culturally conservative societies such as Pakistan, where motherhood is necessarily linked with a female's identity and social status. The motive of the research is to examine infertility induced stress and its impact on marital satisfaction and trust issues. A cross-sectional research design was used. The research includes total sample of 110 married females aged (20-45) with primary infertility from both urban and rural areas of Pakistan. Standardized measures such as Fertility Problem Inventory, ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale, and Trust Scale were used to measure stress related to infertility, marital satisfaction, and trust issues. Results showed a strong negative relationship between infertility induced stress and marital satisfaction with trust issues being a significant mediator of this relationship. The results showed that trust was a strong predictor of marital satisfaction (β = .27, p < .01), while infertility stress did not emerge as a significant predictor when trust was controlled (β = –.03, p > .05). These findings highlight the role of trust in maintaining marital satisfaction during the psychological turmoil of infertility. The research brings forward the ways in which the emotional strain of infertility exacerbated by societal pressures and internalized stigma can undermine both trust and satisfaction in marital relationships. Contrary to preliminary hypotheses, no notable differences in infertility stress were reported among women from nuclear and joint family structures. These findings underscore the need to incorporate culturally attuned psychological treatment into infertility care, with special attention to strategies for emotional regulation, open communication, and trust building as means of reducing the negative relational consequences suffered by women dealing with infertility.

References

Ali, S., & Rehman, A. (2021). [Demographic and geographic characteristics of Hunza, Gilgit-Baltistan — complete from your records.]

American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2020). Definitions of infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss: A committee opinion. Fertility and Sterility, 113(3), 533–535.

Bradbury, T. N., & Fincham, F. D. (1990). Attributions in marriage: Review and critique. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 3–33.

Cousineau, T. M., & Domar, A. D. (2007). Psychological impact of infertility. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 21(2), 293–308.

Fincham, F. D., & Beach, S. R. H. (2006). Relationship satisfaction. In D. Perlman & A. L. Vangelisti (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of personal relationships (pp. 579–594). Cambridge University Press.

Fowers, B. J., & Olson, D. H. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research and clinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), 176–185. [Original ENRICH inventory: Fournier, D. G., Olson, D. H., & Druckman, J. M. (1983). Assessing marital and premarital relationships: The PREPARE/ENRICH inventories. In E. E. Filsinger (Ed.), Marriage and family assessment (pp. 229–250). Sage.]

Government of Pakistan. (2017). District census report, Mansehra [Population census]. Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.

Greil, A. L., Slauson-Blevins, K., & McQuillan, J. (2010). The experience of infertility: A review of recent literature. Sociology of Health & Illness, 32(1), 140–162.

Greil, A. L., McQuillan, J., Lowry, M., & Shreffler, K. M. (2011). Infertility treatment and fertility-specific distress: A longitudinal analysis of a population-based sample of U.S. women. Social Science & Medicine, 73(1), 87–94.

Hasanpoor-Azghdy, S. B., Simbar, M., & Vedadhir, A. (2014). The emotional-psychological consequences of infertility among infertile women seeking treatment: Results of a qualitative study. Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 12(2), 131–138.

Holmes, J. G., & Rempel, J. K. (1989). Trust in close relationships. In C. Hendrick (Ed.), Close relationships (pp. 187–220). Sage.

Homan, G. F., Davies, M., & Norman, R. (2007). The impact of lifestyle factors on reproductive performance in the general population and those undergoing infertility treatment: A review. Human Reproduction Update, 13(3), 209–223.

Inhorn, M. C., & Patrizio, P. (2015). Infertility around the globe: New thinking on gender, reproductive technologies and global movements in the 21st century. Human Reproduction Update, 21(4), 411–426.

Larzelere, R. E., & Huston, T. L. (1980). The Dyadic Trust Scale: Toward understanding interpersonal trust in close relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42(3), 595–604.

Maroufizadeh, S., Hosseini, M., Rahimi Foroushani, A., Omani-Samani, R., & Amini, P. (2019). The relationship between perceived stress and marital satisfaction in couples with infertility: Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. International Journal of Fertility & Sterility, 13(1), 66–71.

Molgora, S., Fenaroli, V., Acquati, C., De Donno, A., Baldini, M. P., & Saita, E. (2019). Examining the role of dyadic coping on the marital adjustment of couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 415.

Mumtaz, Z., Shahid, U., & Levay, A. (2013). Understanding the impact of gendered roles on the experiences of infertility amongst men and women in Punjab. Reproductive Health, 10, 3.

Newton, C. R., Sherrard, W., & Glavac, I. (1999). The Fertility Problem Inventory: Measuring perceived infertility-related stress. Fertility and Sterility, 72(1), 54–62.

Pasch, L. A., & Sullivan, K. T. (2017). Stress and coping in couples facing infertility. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 131–135.

Peterson, B. D., Newton, C. R., & Rosen, K. H. (2003). Examining congruence between partners’ perceived infertility-related stress and its relationship to marital adjustment and depression in infertile couples. Family Process, 42(1), 59–70.

Peterson, B. D., Newton, C. R., Rosen, K. H., & Skaggs, G. E. (2006). Gender differences in how men and women who are referred for IVF cope with infertility stress. Human Reproduction, 21(9), 2443–2449.

Peterson, B. D., Pirritano, M., Christensen, U., & Schmidt, L. (2008). The impact of partner coping in couples experiencing infertility. Human Reproduction, 23(5), 1128–1137.

Qadir, F., Khalid, A., & Medhin, G. (2015). Social support, marital adjustment, and psychological distress among women with primary infertility in Pakistan. Women & Health, 55(4), 432–446.

Rempel, J. K., Holmes, J. G., & Zanna, M. P. (1985). Trust in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 49(1), 95–112.

Schmidt, L., Holstein, B. E., Christensen, U., & Boivin, J. (2005). Communication and coping as predictors of fertility problem stress: A longitudinal study of 816 men and women affected by infertility. Human Reproduction, 20(11), 3248–3256.

Schwerdtfeger, K. L., & Shreffler, K. M. (2009). Trauma of pregnancy loss and infertility among mothers. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 14(3), 211–227.

Ying, L., Wu, L. H., & Loke, A. Y. (2015). The experience of Chinese couples undergoing IVF treatment. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32(6), 925–933.

Ying, L., Wu, L. H., & Loke, A. Y. (2019). Sexual satisfaction, intimacy and relationship of couples undergoing infertility treatment. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 37(2), 145–158.

Downloads

Published

2026-07-22

How to Cite

Hyra Anwar, Fatima, M., Wedad, & Ayesha Khurram. (2026). Impact of Infertility Induced Stress on Trust dynamics and Marital Satisfaction Among Female Spouses. Pakistan Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 108–117. Retrieved from https://pjpp.org/index.php/pjpp/article/view/100